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用户协议

专升本社区是一家为广大升本学子提供全国专升本政策,考试大纲,备考信息,报名考试时间,考试科目,复习资料,升本专业,升本院校等信息的资讯类网站。本网站为了保护网络信息安全,保障用户合法权益的同时为广大学员提供更优质的服务,将严格遵循合法、正当、必要的原则,收集您的个人信息和需求。承诺在本网站中收集到的您个人信息将受到严格的保护,为了使您能得到优质的服务,仅限于向专升本社区网站总部及您所在地区分校教务人员提供您的个人信息(包括姓名、联系电话、就读院校),并承诺将严格保护,不得向任何第三方泄露或披露,并确保不对您造成骚扰。 如您选择线上咨询平台上的升本在线服务,即表示您完全知晓并同意上述专升本社区网站收集、使用信息的目的和方式和范围,请填写您的个人信息;如您不同意,您可选择退出本网页,选择其他方式了解升本在线服务。

本网站收集、使用用户信息规则: 


1、本网站收集用户信息仅限于结合教育考试院政策,根据所在地区不同,为用户提供高效优质的服务。


2、本网站工作人员对在业务活动中收集的公民个人信息将严格保密,不向与本机构无关的任何他人提供用户的个人信息。


3、本网站已经并将采取最新的技术措施和其他必要措施,确保信息安全,防止在业务活动中收集的公民个人电子信息泄露、毁损、丢失。


4、本网站加强对机构工作人员对个人信息使用权限的管理,发现违规泄露、散布用户个人信息的,将立即停止传播该信息,并对工作人员按规定进行处罚。


5、用户如发现泄露个人身份、散布个人隐私等侵害其合法权益的网络信息,有权要求本机构删除有关信息或者采取其他必要措施予以制止。


 


免责声明:


1、本网站所刊载的各类形式(包括但不仅限于文字、图片、图表)的作品仅限于为广大学员提供更多信息及更优质的服务,仅供用户参考。对于访问者根据本网站提供的信息所做出的一切行为,除非另有明确的书面承诺文件,否则本网站不承担任何形式的责任。


2、本网站及其雇员一概无需以任何方式就任何信息传递或传送的失误、不准确或错误对用户或任何其他人士负任何直接或间接的责任。


3、凡以任何方式登录本网站或直接、间接使用本网站资料者,视为自愿接受本网站声明的约束。


4、本网站若无意中侵犯了哪个媒体或个人的知识产权,请致函或来电告之,本网站将立即给予删除等相关处理,全国统一来电400-023-1785;全国统一邮箱kf@hlsjy.com。


5、以上声明内容的最终解释权归专升本社区网站所有。

隐私政策

感谢您信任并使用专升本社区的服务!我们根据最新的法律法规、监管政策要求,更新了《用户隐私政策》。 本次更新进一步明确了我们如何收集和使用您的信息以及如何存储您的信息。请您仔细阅读并充分理解以下条款,特别提醒您应留意本《用户隐私政策》中加粗形式的条款内容。如果您不同意本《用户隐私政策》,您可能无法正常使用我们的产品、服务。

希望您仔细阅读并充分理解本《用户隐私政策》,了解在使用我们的产品和服务时,我们如何收集、使用、存储、处理和保护这些信息,以及我们为您提供的了解、控制这些信息的方式,以便您更好地了解我们的产品和服务并作出适当地选择。


如您使用或继续使用我们的产品和服务,表示您同意或/和已征得您的父母或监护人的同意(若您为未成年人)按照本《用户隐私政策》收集、使用、储存、处理和保护您的信息。


本《用户隐私政策》主要向您说明如下信息:


1. 我们如何收集和使用您的信息


2. 我们如何存储您的信息


3. 我们如何使用Cookie以及同类技术


4. 我们可能向您发送的信息


5. 您如何了解和控制自己的用户信息


6. 我们如何保护您的个人信息


7. 本《用户隐私政策》的适用范围


8. 本《用户隐私政策》如何更新


9. 如何与我们联系


 


1. 我们如何收集和使用您的信息


1.1 我们将根据合法、正当、必要的原则,按照如下方式收集您在使用服务时主动提供的或因为使用服务而产生的信息,用以向您提供服务、优化我们的服务以及保障您的帐户安全。


1.2 您在注册、登录时提供的个人信息及我们的使用方式:


(1) 如您用其他方式注册、登录专升本社区相关产品时,我们会收集手机号码、密码。如您仅需浏览、搜索等功能,您不需要注册或登录,亦无需提供以上信息。如您不提供手机号码,将无法使用我们的服务。


(2) 如您以第三方帐号(如微信等帐号)登录专升本社区相关产品时,我们会收集您第三方帐号的个人信息(包括头像、昵称及您提供的其他信息),您可以在关联登录页面选择是否授权或新建个人信息。 我们和第三方将以去标识化的方式验证,这个过程中我们收集到的验证信息除前述头像、昵称及您提供其他信息外,无法识别特定个人身份的信息。我们需要您确认通过第三方帐号登录前已经在第三方完成实名认证。如您不同意第三方帐号登录,将无法使用第三方帐号登录验证功能,但不影响您使用我们的其他服务。


(3) 我们收集手机号码、微信等帐号是用于为您提供帐号登录服务以及保障您的帐号安全。


1.3 您在产品或服务中主动提供的信息及我们的使用方式:


(1) 如您在个人资料编辑时提供的昵称、头像、性别、学校、地区、报考城市、考试类型、真实姓名、电子邮件、个人简介。这些资料将帮助我们更好地了解您并为您提供更优质的服务。


(2) 如您使用观看视频、直播、试题纠错、使用反馈、课程分享、学习笔记时,我们会收集您通过前述服务所上传或下载的信息,这类信息包括搜索关键字、发布和回复的评论、文字、标签。


(3) 如您使用客服等用户响应功能时,您可能需要提供您的手机号码、QQ号码或您向我们主动提供的其他联系方式,我们收集这些信息是为了核验您的用户身份信息、调查事实、帮助您解决问题,如您拒绝提供可能导致您无法使用我们的客服等用户响应功能。我们亦会保存您与我们的客服沟通信息和回复内容。


1.4 我们在您使用我们的产品和服务时获取的信息及我们的使用方式:


1.4.1 为保障您正常使用我们的产品和服务,维护我们产品和服务的正常运行,改善及优化您的服务体验并保障您的帐号安全,我们会收集您的下述信息:


(1) 日志信息:当您使用我们的产品和服务时,我们可能会自动收集相关信息并存储为服务日志信息。如登录帐号、IP地址、搜索记录、收听观看记录、网页浏览记录、服务故障信息等。


1.5 我们会根据以上在您使用产品或服务时获取的信息开展数据分析和研究,改进我们的内容布局和推广效果,为商业决策提供产品或服务支持。


1.6 其他用户分享的信息中含有您的信息及我们的使用方式


如其他用户发布的笔记、回复中可能包含您的信息。我们将无法修改其他用户的信息,如实展示可能包含您的信息。如您认为侵犯您的个人信息,请您通过下述第11条投诉方式和联系方式联系我们进行处理。


1.7 请您理解,我们向您提供的功能和服务是不断更新和发展的,如果某一功能或服务未在前述说明中且收集了您的个人信息,我们会通过页面提示、交互流程、网站公告等方式另行向您说明信息收集的内容、范围和目的,以征得您的同意。


1.8 关于个人信息和个人敏感的提示


上述的个人信息和个人敏感信息,我们会尽最大努力保护您的信息,若您不提供该信息,您可能无法正常使用我们的相关服务,但不影响您使用服务中的其他功能。若您主动提供您的个人信息和个人敏感信息,即表示您同意我们按本《隐私政策》所述目的和方式使用您的个人信息和个人敏感信息。


 


2. 我们如何存储您的信息


2.1 存储信息的地点


我们遵守法律法规的规定,将境内收集的用户个人信息存储于境内。目前我们不会跨境传输或存储您的个人信息。将来如需跨境传输或存储的,我们会向您告知信息出境的目的、接收方、安全保证措施和安全风险,并征得您的同意。


2.2 存储信息的期限


一般而言,我们仅为实现目的所必需的最短时间内或法律法规规定的条件下存储您的个人信息,并在超出个人信息保存期限后对您的个人信息进行删除或匿名化处理。但在下列情况下,我们有可能在遵守法律法规规定的前提下,更改个人信息的存储时间:


(1) 为遵守相关法律法规的规定;


(2) 为遵守法院判决、裁定或其他法律程序的规定;


(3) 为遵守相关政府机关或法定授权组织的要求;


(4) 为执行相关服务协议或本《隐私政策》、维护社会公共利益,为保护们的客户、我们或我们的关联公司、其他用户或雇员的人身财产安全或其他合法权益所合理必需的用途。


(5) 其他法律法规规定或您另行授权同意的情形。


2.3 存储信息的方式


我们会通过安全技术保护措施存储您的信息,包括本地存储、数据缓存、数据库和服务器日志。


2.4 当我们的产品或服务发生停止运营的情形时,我们将采取合适的方式(例如推送通知、站内信、公告等形式)通知您,并在合理的期限内删除或匿名化处理您的个人信息。


 


3. 我们如何使用Cookie以及同类技术


Cookie 和同类技术是互联网中普遍使用的技术。当您使用专升本社区及相关服务时,我们可能会使用相关技术收集您的信息。我们使用 Cookie 和同类技术主要为了实现以下功能或服务:


3.1 保障产品与服务的安全、高效运转:我们可能会设置认证与保障安全性的 Cookie 或匿名标识符,使我们确认您是否安全登录服务,或者是否遇到盗用、欺诈及其他不法行为。这些技术还会帮助我们改进服务效率,提升登录和响应速度。


3.2 帮助您获得更轻松的访问体验:使用此类技术可以帮助您省去重复您填写个人信息、输入搜索内容的步骤和流程(例如:表单填写)。


您可以通过浏览器设置拒绝或管理Cookie以及同类技术的使用。但请注意,如果停用Cookie,您可能无法享受最佳的服务体验,某些服务也可能无法正常使用。


 


4. 我们可能向您发送的信息


4.1 信息推送


您在使用我们的产品和服务时,我们可能向您发送提醒、声音和图标标记,以及电子邮件、短信等其他方式的推送通知。 您可以在设备的设置等相关页面选择取消。


4.2 与产品和服务有关的公告


我们可能在必要时向您发出与产品和服务有关的公告。 您可能无法取消这些与产品和服务有关、性质不属于广告的公告。


 


5. 您如何了解和控制自己的用户信息


5.1 我们将尽一切可能采取适当的技术手段,保证您可以了解、更新和更正自己的注册信息或使用我们的服务时提供的其他用户信息。在了解、更新、更正和删除前述信息时,我们可能会要求您进行身份验证,以保障帐户安全。一般情况下,您可随时修改自己提交的信息,但出于安全性和身份识别的考虑,您可能无法修改注册时提供的某些初始注册信息、验证信息及认证信息。


5.2 如您不希望您的部分信息被我们获取,您可以通过关闭设备权限的方式停止我们获得您的个人信息。您开启下述权限即代表您授权我们可以收集和使用该权限相应的个人信息来为您提供对应服务,您关闭前述权限即代表您取消了授权,我们将不再基于对应权限继续收集和使用相关个人信息,也无法为您提供该权限所对应的服务,但不影响您使用我们的其他服务。但是,您关闭权限的决定不会影响我们此前基于您的授权所进行的信息收集及使用,但您可以通过第5.3条内容删除有关记录:


5.3 在您使用专升本社区期间,为了让您更便捷地控制您的个人信息,我们在产品和服务设计中为您提供了相应的操作设置,您可参考下面的指引进行操作。


5.3.1 访问个人信息:


您可以在【个人主页】-【头像】-【编辑资料】进行查询、访问、更正您的头像、昵称、性别、生日、地区、个性签名、兴趣爱好。


 


6. 我们如何保护您的个人信息


6.1 为保障您的个人信息安全,我们在合理的安全水平内使用各种安全保护措施来保障您的信息,防止数据遭到未经授权访问、公开披露、使用、修改、损坏或丢失。例如,我们使用加密技术(如SSL)、匿名化处理等手段来保护您的个人信息。


6.2 我们建立专门的管理制度、审批流程和组织确保信息安全。例如,我们严格限制访问信息的人员范围,要求他们遵守保密义务,并进行审查。


6.3 我们鼓励我们的工作人员学习信息安全知识、提高个人信息安全保护意识,并定期或不定期对我们的工作人员进行信息安全培训。


6.4 若不幸发生个人信息泄露等安全事件,按照法律法规要求,我们会启动应急预案,阻止安全事件扩大,并及时告知您:安全事件的基本情况和可能的影响、我们已采取或将要采取的处置措施、您可自主防范和降低风险的建议、对您的补救措施等。我们将及时将事件相关情况以邮件、信函、电话、推送通知等方式告知您,难以逐一告知用户时,我们会采取合理、有效的方式发布公告。同时,我们还将按照监管部门要求,主动上报个人信息安全事件的处置情况。


6.5 互联网环境并非百分之百安全,当出现下列非因我们过错而对您的信息造成泄露及由此造成的损害结果,我们无需承担任何责任:


(1) 任何由于黑客攻击、计算机病毒侵入或发作、因政府管制而造成的暂时性关闭等影响网络正常经营之不可抗力而造成的个人资料泄露、丢失、被盗用或被篡改等。


(2) 在使用专升本社区的过程中链接到其它网站或因接受来自第三方的服务所造成之个人资料泄露及由此而导致的任何法律争议和后果。


(3)如您在使用专升本社区(例如笔记、评论等)的过程中主动公开、上传、发布或向第三方提供您的个人信息的,其他用户可能会收集您的个人信息。


 


7. 本《用户隐私政策》的适用范围


7.1 我们的所有产品和服务均适用本《用户隐私政策》。但某些产品或服务可能会有其特定的隐私政策适用条款,该特定隐私政策适用条款更具体地说明我们在该产品或服务中如何处理您的个人信息。除非有特殊说明,若本《用户隐私政策》与该特定产品或服务的隐私政策适用条款有不一致之处,请以该特定隐私政策适用条款为准。


7.2 请您注意,本《用户隐私政策》不适用由其他公司或个人提供的产品或服务。如果您使用第三方的产品或服务,须受该第三方的隐私政策而非本《用户隐私政策》)约束,您需要仔细阅读其政策内容。


7.3 本《用户隐私政策》为《用户服务协议》及相关协议的重要组成部分,本《用户隐私政策》内的名词定义参照《用户用户服务协议》,适用于专升本社区相关服务。


 


8. 本《用户隐私政策》如何更新


8.1 随着我们的服务范围扩大,我们可能适时更新本《用户隐私政策》的条款,更新内容构成本《用户隐私政策》的一部分。如更新后的《用户隐私政策》导致您的权利发生实质改变,我们将在更新前通过显著位置提示或以其他方式通知您,为避免您不能及时获知更新,请您经常阅读本《用户隐私政策》。


8.2 无论何种方式,若您继续使用我们的服务,即表示同意受更新后的《用户隐私政策》约束。


8.3 更新后的《用户隐私政策》将以更新日期为生效日期,并取代之前的《用户隐私政策》。


 


9. 如何与我们联系


若您对本《用户隐私政策》有问题、意见、建议,或者与用户个人信息安全相关的投诉、举报,您可以通过全国统一来电400-023-1785;全国统一邮箱kf@hlsjy.com等方式与我们进行联系,我们将在收到函件并验证您的用户身份后尽快予以回复。

专升本社区 > 专升本考试 > 黑龙江专升本《英语》真题选择题
黑龙江专升本《英语》真题选择题
来源:专升本社区
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发布时间:2020-11-13 15:47
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摘要
黑龙江专升本《英语》真题选择题

  1.Vocabulary and Structure

  Vocabulary and Structure


  Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.


  0. Don't ______ to let me know if there is anything I can do for you.


  A.reject


  B.prevent


  C.hesitate


  D.refuse


  1. Let's hang up some paintings on these ______ walls.


  A.bare


  B.empty


  C.blank


  D.free


  2. At the conference he expressed some personal views which later brought him into ______ with the Party leadership.


  A.action


  B.crisis


  C.conflict


  D.power


  3. They have developed techniques which are ______ to those used in most factories.


  A.more talented


  B.better


  C.greater


  D.superior


  4. Man must stop ______ the earth's atmosphere.


  A.filling


  B.emitting


  C.polluting


  D.wasting


  5. No one has yet succeeded in explaining the ______ of how life began.


  A.problem


  B.cause


  C.puzzle


  D.logic


  6. Unfortunately, very few sheep ______ the severe winter last year.


  A.survived


  B.endured


  C.spent


  D.remained alive


  7. They discussed the problem three or four times, but could come to no ______.


  A.end


  B.conclusion


  C.result


  D.judgment


  8. Well, let's put our heads together and find ______ to the problem.


  A.an answer


  B.a way


  C.a solution


  D.a method


  9. The old couple decided to move out of town to a quiet ______ , where they had spent several years immediately after their marriage.


  A.pace


  B.suburb


  C.neighborhood


  D.area


  10. They overcame all the difficulties and fulfilled the plan ten days ahead of schedule, ______ was something we had not expected.


  A.that


  B.this


  C.it


  D.which


  11. Bob tried in vain to trick his little brother ______ some money from their mother's purse.


  A.to steal


  B.to stealing


  C.into steal


  D.into stealing


  12. I was ______ to find his article on such an ______ topic so ______.


  A.surprised, excited, bored


  B.surprising, exciting, boring


  C.surprised, exciting, boring


  D.surprising, excited, bored


  13. It was in 1777 ______ Vermont, threatened with invasion, declared itself an independent commonwealth.


  A.when


  B.that


  C.in which


  D.which


  14. ______ a professor of physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Charles Pickering established the first physics laboratory in the United States.


  A.While


  B.being


  C.Although


  D.He was


  15. He didn't ______ and he failed the examination.


  A.work enough hard


  B.work hard enough


  C.hard work enough


  D.hard enough work


  16. The two boys had so ______ in common that they soon became good friends.


  A.little


  B.few


  C.much


  D.many


  17. As fuel prices rose, bus companies raised their fares, and ______.


  A.so did the airlines


  B.nor did the airlines


  C.so the airlines did


  D.nor the airlines did


  18. ______ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf.


  A.He is remembered


  B.To remember


  C.While remembering


  D.Though remembered


  19. If Dorothy had not been badly hurt in a car accident, ______ in last month's marathon race.


  A.she would participate


  B.she might participate


  C.she would have participated


  D.she must have participated


  20. If you undertake this project you are bound to ______ many difficulties.


  A.encounter


  B.face with


  C.overcome


  D.handle


  21. I suddenly realized that he was trying to ______ quarrelling with me.


  A.consider


  B.enjoy


  C.avoid


  D.prevent


  22. The three hours I spent in the school library ______ my old passion for reading.


  A.brought about


  B.brought over


  C.brought forth


  D.brought back


  23. Thousands of people ______ to see the parade.


  A.turned off


  B.turned out


  C.turned up


  D.turned over


  24. The real trouble ______ their lack of confidence in their abilities.


  A.lies in


  B.lies on


  C.results in


  D.leads to


  25. Recently the newspapers have reported several ______ on the boundaries of Israel and Jordan.


  A.accidents


  B.incidents


  C.events


  D.happenings


  26. The actual cost of the building was much higher than our original ______.


  A.consideration


  B.judgment


  C.estimate


  D.plan


  27. Henry looked very much ______ when he was caught cheating in the biology exam.


  A.discouraging


  B.embarrassed


  C.disappointing


  D.pleasing


  28. At the beginning of this semester, our history professor ______ a list of books for us to read.


  A.passed on


  B.fished


  C.handed in


  D.made out


  29. Here are some toys. You can ______ one or two for your little son as a birthday gift from me.


  A.single out


  B.pick out


  C.take off


  D.word out


  30. I am afraid I won't have any influence over my 18-year-old daughter ______ her mind is made up.


  A.at the moment


  B.in order that


  C.once


  D.because


  31. The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them ______ every night this week.


  A.practice


  B.to practice


  C.practiced


  D.practicing


  32. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature ______.


  A.taking


  B.to take


  C.take


  D.taken


  33. Jane's dress is similar in design ______ her sister's.


  A.with


  B.like


  C.to


  D.as


  34. ______ it is you've found, you must give it back to the person it belongs to.


  A.That


  B.What


  C.Whatever


  D.However


  35. Consumers should do ______ than simply complain about the poor quality of goods.


  A.much less


  B.some more


  C.far less


  D.far more


  36. Beth ______ California in 1981 and ______ in Texas ever since.


  A.left, worked


  B.has left, has worded


  C.left, has worked


  D.has left, worded


  37. Frank had worked for two years to be a carpenter, but found his progress ______.


  A.discouraging and unsatisfied


  B.discouraging and dissatisfied


  C.discouraged and dissatisfied


  D.unsatisfactory and discouraging


  38. There was more than ______ rain and snow last year, so some parts of the country have been flooded this spring.


  A.extra


  B.efficient


  C.effective


  D.adequate


  39. It was not a serious accident, the car needs only some ______ repairs.


  A.major


  B.secondary


  C.minor


  D.primary


  二、2.Reading Comprehension


  Reading Comprehension


  Directions: There are 4 passages in this part, each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.


  0.Human wants seem endless. When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure boats dance into view.


  The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.


  The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World WarⅡ these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.


  By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the 'life-enriching' level. While other levels involve physical satisfaction-the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body-this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called 'luxury' items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and entertainment. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.


  On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?


  A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets(衣橱), our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.


  According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when ______.


  A.he has saved up enough money


  B.he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter


  C.he has satisfied his hunger


  D.he has learned to build houses


  1.


  It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of the World War II most Americans ______.


  A.were very rich


  B.lived in poverty


  C.had the good things on the first three levels


  D.did not own automobiles


  2.


  All of the following except ______ are related to 'physical satisfactions'.


  A.a successful career


  B.a cozy home


  C.a good service


  D.a family car


  3.


  The main concern of man on the fourth level is ______.


  A.the more goods the better


  B.the more mental satisfaction the better


  C.the more 'luxury' items the better


  D.the more earnings the better


  4.


  The author is inclined to think that a fifth level ______.


  A.would be little better than the fourth level


  B.may be a lot more desirable than the first level


  C.can be the last and most satisfying level


  D.will become attainable if the government takes action


  5.We are all naturally attracted to people with idea, beliefs and interests like our own. Similarly, we feel comfortable with people with physical qualities similar to ours.


  You may have noticed how people who live or work closely together come to behave in a similar way. Unconsciously we copy those we are close to or love or admire. So a sportsman’s individual way of walking with raised shoulder is imitated by an admiring fan; a pair of lovers both shake their heads in the same way; an employee finds himself duplicating his boss's habit of wagging (摇摆) a pen between his fingers while thinking.


  In every case, the influential person may not consciously notice the imitation, but he will feel comfortable in its presence. And if he does notice the matching of his gestures or movements, he finds it pleasing he is influencing people: they are drawn to him.


  Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances all their lives, and winning affection and respect m this way without being aware of their methods. Now, for people who want to win agreement or trust, affection or sympathy. Some psychologists recommend the deliberate use of physical mirroring.


  The clever saleswoman echoes her lady customer's movements, tilting her head in the same way to judge a color match, or folding her arms a few seconds after the customer, as though consciously attracted by her. The customer feels that the saleswoman is in sympathy with her, and understands her needs a promising relationship for a sale to take place.


  The Clever lawyer, trying in la law-court to influence a judge, imitates the great man shrugging of his shoulders, the tone of his voice and the rhythm of his speech.


  Of course, physical mirroring must be subtle. If you blind (眨眼) every time your target blinks, or bite your bottom lip every time he does, your mirroring has become mockery (嘲笑) and you can expect trouble. So, if you can't model sympathetically, don't play the game.


  According to the passage, 'physical mirroring' (line 4, paragraph 4) means ______.


  A.the attraction to people with ideas, belief and interests like our own


  B.the comfortable feeling about people with physical qualities similar to ours


  C.the fact that people living or working closely together behave in a similar way


  D.the imitation of the gestures or movements of those we are close to, or love, or admire


  6.


  According to the author, all of the following except ______ are the deliberate uses of physical mirroring.


  A.a saleswoman tilts her head after her customer to judge a color match


  B.a lawyer imitates the tone of the judge’s voice and the rhythm of his speech


  C.sensitive people have been mirroring their friends all their lives


  D.a naughty boy blinks every time the teacher blinks


  7.


  Which of the following is true?


  A.Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances because they want to win their affection and respect


  B.The clever saleswoman echoes her lady customer's movements because she is unconsciously attracted by her


  C.The man who imitates the judge is trying to influence him


  D.Physical mirroring is always flattering to those who are imitated


  8.


  Physical mirroring can cause trouble if ______.


  A.The person mirrored finds that people are drawn to him


  B.the mirroring ha become mockery


  C.the lawyer shrugs his shoulders the way the judge does


  D.it has been found to be deliberately used


  9.


  The paragraph following this passage will most probably move on to ______.


  A.some ways to prevent physical mirroring from offending


  B.the mirroring has become mockery


  C.the lawyer shrugs his shoulders the way the judge does


  D.it has been found to be deliberately used


  10.The U. S. Army Infantry (步兵), which calls Fort Benning home, has fought in every major conflict involving the nation's military. Yet developing a program for effective infantry training came neither quickly nor easily. The first movement to shape the country's foot soldiers into a superior force came more than 200 years ago at the request of the general who became the first president of the United States.


  Revolutionary forces commanded by General George Washington were barely surviving as they camped at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, during the winter of 1777. Washington realized that his soldiers, shivering in rags. Needed better training if there were to be any hope of winning against the well-schooled British army. He sought advice from the respected Prussian (普鲁士) general, Baron Fredreich von Steuben.


  Von Steuben agreed to help, but recognized the huge challenge he faced to change the loose band of rebels into a disciplined, well-organized force. As one observer at the time noted, the colonial army 'was the finest body of troops he had ever seen out of step '. Von 8teuben's own assessment was that the Continental Army was a shame. 'There was no uniformity of drill, no similarity of organization , and no teamwork of any kind ', wrote Leroy Yarborough, first lieutenant (中尉) of infantry , in an unpublished 1931 history of Fort Benning. No two companies drilled alike. And they all drilled poorly.


  But Von Steuben was resourceful and energetic and known for his persuasiveness. He established standard drill exercises and taught them patiently, but persistently to the troops. Once he saw progress, he chose those most skilled in military formations to demonstrate for the rest to imitate. This practice of using the best troops to model techniques and tactics become fundamental in military training, continuing long after the Revolutionary War. For his efforts, Von Steuben is known as the 'Father of the U. S. Infantry.'


  The first two paragraphs tell us ______.


  A.how Von Steuben became the general of the American infantry


  B.how the revolutionary forces came to be commanded by Washington


  C.how Washington set about asking von Steuben to train his soldiers


  D.how poorly organized the Americans were compared to the British army


  11.


  It can be inferred from the passage that training programs for the American infantry started at ______.


  A.Valley Forge


  B.Fort Benning


  C.Prussia


  D.Washington's hometown


  12.


  The main problems with the American revolutionary forces seemed to be lack of the following except ______.


  A.standardization in training and organization


  B.coordination between various units


  C.strict discipline and unity


  D.shame and challenge


  13.


  The writer of the passage refers to Washington's troops as all if the following except ______.


  A.revolutionary forces


  B.the colonial army


  C.the U.S. Army infantry


  D.the Continental Army


  14.


  ______ proved to be an effective training method.


  A.To use the best troops as a model for other units


  B.To establish rules and drill cruelly


  C.To continue training without stop


  D.To show what little progress there may be


  15.The fact that people can 'see' things using other parts of their bodies apart from their eyes may help us to understand our feelings about color. If they can sense color differences then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously.


  Manufacturers have discovered by trail and error that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and that cosmetics (化妆品) should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a whole discipline of color psychology that now finds application in everything from fashion to interior decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the colour of the night sky therefore associated with passivity and calm, while yellow is a day color with associations and incentive (刺激). For primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw a red, the color of blood and rage and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and self-preservation. Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their physiological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in heart beat, and blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Because of its exciting connotations (涵义) , red was chosen as the signal [or danger, but closer analysis shows that 'a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alertness and alarm, so fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead.


  Manufacturers found out that color affects sales ______.


  A.by experience over a long period of time


  B.by experimenting with different colors


  C.by trying out color on blind people


  D.by developing the discipline of color psychology


  16.


  Our preferences for certain colors are ______.


  A.associated with the time of the day


  B.depended on our character


  C.linked with our primitive ancestors


  D.partly due to psychological factors


  17.


  If people are exposed to bright red, which of the following things does not happen?


  A.They breathe [aster


  B.They feel afraid


  C.Their blood pressure rises


  D.Their hearts beat faster


  18.


  Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?


  A.Color probably has an effect on us which we are not conscious of


  B.Yellow fire engines have caused many bad accidents in some advanced communities


  C.People exposed to pure blue start to breathe more slowly


  D.The psychology of color is of some practical use


  19.


  Which of the following could be the most suitable title?


  A.The Discipline of Color Psychology


  B.Color and Its Connotations


  C.The Practical Use of Color


  D.Color and Feelings


  三、3.Cloze


  Cloze


  Directions: Each blank in the following passage is provided with 4 choices. Read the whole passage and choose the best answer for each blank. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.


  0. Trees are useful to man 【B1】______ three very important ways: they provide him 【B2】______ wood and other produces; they help to check soil erosion and they help to 【B3】______ drought and floods.


  【B4】______ , in many parts of the world, man has not realized that the 【B5】______ of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large 【B6】______ , only to find that 【B7】______ them he has lost the best friend he had.


  Two 【B8】______ years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships 【B9】______ to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire, but without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire 【B10】______ to pieces, the home country found itself faced by floods and starvation.


  【B11】______ a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the villager to see this ,the villager wants wood to cook his food 【B12】______ ; and he can earn money by making charcoal or selling wood to the townsman. He is usually too lazy or too 【B13】______ to plant and look after new trees. So, 【B14】______ the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests slowly disappear.


  This does not only mean that the villagers' sons and grandsons have 【B15】______ trees. The results are even more serious; for where there are trees their roots break the soil up allowing the rain to sink in and also bind the soil, thus preventing 【B16】______ washed away on the surface, causing floods and carrying 【B17】______ ground away 【B18】______ it the rich top-soil, in which crops grow so well. When all the top-soil is 【B19】______ , nothing remains 【B20】______ worthless desert.


  A.with


  B.at


  C.in


  D.through


  1.(62)


  A.of


  B.for


  C.with


  D.as


  2.(63)


  A.prevent


  B.stop


  C.forbid


  D.deny


  3.(64)


  A.Generally


  B.Fortunately


  C.Unfortunately


  D.Probably


  4.(65)


  A.trees


  B.uses


  C.products


  D.third


  5.(66)


  A.numbers


  B.members


  C.amounts


  D.accounts


  6.(67)


  A.with


  B.for


  C.without


  D.to


  7.(68)


  A.thousand


  B.thousands


  C.thousand of.


  D.thousands of


  8.(69)


  A.where


  B.which are


  C.with which


  D.which they are


  9.(70)


  A.failed


  B.fell


  C.felt


  D.filled


  10.(71)


  A.Even


  B.Even where


  C.Even then


  D.Even now


  11.(72)


  A.on


  B.below


  C.with


  D.over


  12.(73)


  A.clever


  B.active


  C.until


  D.Unless


  13.(74)


  A.although


  B.once


  C.until


  D.unless


  14.(75)


  A.a few


  B.fewer


  C.little


  D.less


  15.(76)


  A.it


  B.its


  C.it's being


  D.its being


  16.(77)


  A.hard


  B.soft


  C.deep


  D.high


  17.(78)


  A.for


  B.with


  C.on


  D.behind


  18.(79)


  A.going


  B.gone


  C.to go


  D.to be going


  19.(80)


  A.only


  B.simply


  C.merely


  D.but


  四、4.Translation


  0.Section A (非英语专业学生做)


  Directions: In this part, there are 5 items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or more sentences. These sentences are all taken from the reading passage in part II. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meaning in the context.


  While other levels involve physical satisfaction-the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body-this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness.


  1. In every case, the influential person may not consciously notice the imitation, but he will feel comfortable in its presence.


  2. If you blind (眨眼) every time your target blinks, or bite your bottom lip every time he does, your mirroring has become mockery (嘲笑) and you can expect trouble.


  3. Washington realized that his soldiers, shivering in rags. Needed better training if there were to be any hope of winning against the well-schooled British army.


  4. Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their physiological associations, also have a direct psychological effect.


  5.Section B (英语专业学生做)


  Directions: In this section, there is a short passage in Chinese. Read it carefully and put it into English.


  历史证明,只有坚持《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则,坚持和平共处五项原则和国际关系准则,各国才能和睦相处,共同发展,世界和平才能得到维护和促进。为了维护中国和世界人民的根本利益,中国始终坚持独立自主的和平外交政策,主持公遭,伸张正义,为政治解决国际问题做出了独特的贡献。做为联合国常任理事国,中国将一如既往,维护安理会的权威,为维护正义,坚持《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则,为维护世界和平与稳定进行不懈努力.


  五、5.Writing


  0. In this part, you are to write a short composition of about 120 to 150 words (non-English majors) or 150 to 180 words (English majors) based on the idea given below.


  On Learning Abroad


  1. 有人认为出国留学是个人发展的最佳选择。


  2. 也有人坚持在国内也能实现自己的理想。


  3. 我的看法。


  一、1.Vocabulary and Structure


  Vocabulary and Structure


  Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.


  0. Don't ______ to let me know if there is anything I can do for you.


  A.reject


  B.prevent


  C.hesitate


  D.refuse


  1. Let's hang up some paintings on these ______ walls.


  A.bare


  B.empty


  C.blank


  D.free


  2. At the conference he expressed some personal views which later brought him into ______ with the Party leadership.


  A.action


  B.crisis


  C.conflict


  D.power


  3. They have developed techniques which are ______ to those used in most factories.


  A.more talented


  B.better


  C.greater


  D.superior


  4. Man must stop ______ the earth's atmosphere.


  A.filling


  B.emitting


  C.polluting


  D.wasting


  5. No one has yet succeeded in explaining the ______ of how life began.


  A.problem


  B.cause


  C.puzzle


  D.logic


  6. Unfortunately, very few sheep ______ the severe winter last year.


  A.survived


  B.endured


  C.spent


  D.remained alive


  7. They discussed the problem three or four times, but could come to no ______.


  A.end


  B.conclusion


  C.result


  D.judgment


  8. Well, let's put our heads together and find ______ to the problem.


  A.an answer


  B.a way


  C.a solution


  D.a method


  9. The old couple decided to move out of town to a quiet ______ , where they had spent several years immediately after their marriage.


  A.pace


  B.suburb


  C.neighborhood


  D.area


  10. They overcame all the difficulties and fulfilled the plan ten days ahead of schedule, ______ was something we had not expected.


  A.that


  B.this


  C.it


  D.which


  11. Bob tried in vain to trick his little brother ______ some money from their mother's purse.


  A.to steal


  B.to stealing


  C.into steal


  D.into stealing


  12. I was ______ to find his article on such an ______ topic so ______.


  A.surprised, excited, bored


  B.surprising, exciting, boring


  C.surprised, exciting, boring


  D.surprising, excited, bored


  13. It was in 1777 ______ Vermont, threatened with invasion, declared itself an independent commonwealth.


  A.when


  B.that


  C.in which


  D.which


  14. ______ a professor of physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Charles Pickering established the first physics laboratory in the United States.


  A.While


  B.being


  C.Although


  D.He was


  15. He didn't ______ and he failed the examination.


  A.work enough hard


  B.work hard enough


  C.hard work enough


  D.hard enough work


  16. The two boys had so ______ in common that they soon became good friends.


  A.little


  B.few


  C.much


  D.many


  17. As fuel prices rose, bus companies raised their fares, and ______.


  A.so did the airlines


  B.nor did the airlines


  C.so the airlines did


  D.nor the airlines did


  18. ______ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf.


  A.He is remembered


  B.To remember


  C.While remembering


  D.Though remembered


  19. If Dorothy had not been badly hurt in a car accident, ______ in last month's marathon race.


  A.she would participate


  B.she might participate


  C.she would have participated


  D.she must have participated


  20. If you undertake this project you are bound to ______ many difficulties.


  A.encounter


  B.face with


  C.overcome


  D.handle


  21. I suddenly realized that he was trying to ______ quarrelling with me.


  A.consider


  B.enjoy


  C.avoid


  D.prevent


  22. The three hours I spent in the school library ______ my old passion for reading.


  A.brought about


  B.brought over


  C.brought forth


  D.brought back


  23. Thousands of people ______ to see the parade.


  A.turned off


  B.turned out


  C.turned up


  D.turned over


  24. The real trouble ______ their lack of confidence in their abilities.


  A.lies in


  B.lies on


  C.results in


  D.leads to


  25. Recently the newspapers have reported several ______ on the boundaries of Israel and Jordan.


  A.accidents


  B.incidents


  C.events


  D.happenings


  26. The actual cost of the building was much higher than our original ______.


  A.consideration


  B.judgment


  C.estimate


  D.plan


  27. Henry looked very much ______ when he was caught cheating in the biology exam.


  A.discouraging


  B.embarrassed


  C.disappointing


  D.pleasing


  28. At the beginning of this semester, our history professor ______ a list of books for us to read.


  A.passed on


  B.fished


  C.handed in


  D.made out


  29. Here are some toys. You can ______ one or two for your little son as a birthday gift from me.


  A.single out


  B.pick out


  C.take off


  D.word out


  30. I am afraid I won't have any influence over my 18-year-old daughter ______ her mind is made up.


  A.at the moment


  B.in order that


  C.once


  D.because


  31. The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them ______ every night this week.


  A.practice


  B.to practice


  C.practiced


  D.practicing


  32. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature ______.


  A.taking


  B.to take


  C.take


  D.taken


  33. Jane's dress is similar in design ______ her sister's.


  A.with


  B.like


  C.to


  D.as


  34. ______ it is you've found, you must give it back to the person it belongs to.


  A.That


  B.What


  C.Whatever


  D.However


  35. Consumers should do ______ than simply complain about the poor quality of goods.


  A.much less


  B.some more


  C.far less


  D.far more


  36. Beth ______ California in 1981 and ______ in Texas ever since.


  A.left, worked


  B.has left, has worded


  C.left, has worked


  D.has left, worded


  37. Frank had worked for two years to be a carpenter, but found his progress ______.


  A.discouraging and unsatisfied


  B.discouraging and dissatisfied


  C.discouraged and dissatisfied


  D.unsatisfactory and discouraging


  38. There was more than ______ rain and snow last year, so some parts of the country have been flooded this spring.


  A.extra


  B.efficient


  C.effective


  D.adequate


  39. It was not a serious accident, the car needs only some ______ repairs.


  A.major


  B.secondary


  C.minor


  D.primary


  二、2.Reading Comprehension


  Reading Comprehension


  Directions: There are 4 passages in this part, each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.


  0.Human wants seem endless. When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure boats dance into view.


  The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.


  The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World WarⅡ these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.


  By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the 'life-enriching' level. While other levels involve physical satisfaction-the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body-this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called 'luxury' items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and entertainment. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.


  On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?


  A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets(衣橱), our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.


  According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when ______.


  A.he has saved up enough money


  B.he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter


  C.he has satisfied his hunger


  D.he has learned to build houses


  1.


  It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of the World War II most Americans ______.


  A.were very rich


  B.lived in poverty


  C.had the good things on the first three levels


  D.did not own automobiles


  2.


  All of the following except ______ are related to 'physical satisfactions'.


  A.a successful career


  B.a cozy home


  C.a good service


  D.a family car


  3.


  The main concern of man on the fourth level is ______.


  A.the more goods the better


  B.the more mental satisfaction the better


  C.the more 'luxury' items the better


  D.the more earnings the better


  4.


  The author is inclined to think that a fifth level ______.


  A.would be little better than the fourth level


  B.may be a lot more desirable than the first level


  C.can be the last and most satisfying level


  D.will become attainable if the government takes action


  5.We are all naturally attracted to people with idea, beliefs and interests like our own. Similarly, we feel comfortable with people with physical qualities similar to ours.


  You may have noticed how people who live or work closely together come to behave in a similar way. Unconsciously we copy those we are close to or love or admire. So a sportsman’s individual way of walking with raised shoulder is imitated by an admiring fan; a pair of lovers both shake their heads in the same way; an employee finds himself duplicating his boss's habit of wagging (摇摆) a pen between his fingers while thinking.


  In every case, the influential person may not consciously notice the imitation, but he will feel comfortable in its presence. And if he does notice the matching of his gestures or movements, he finds it pleasing he is influencing people: they are drawn to him.


  Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances all their lives, and winning affection and respect m this way without being aware of their methods. Now, for people who want to win agreement or trust, affection or sympathy. Some psychologists recommend the deliberate use of physical mirroring.


  The clever saleswoman echoes her lady customer's movements, tilting her head in the same way to judge a color match, or folding her arms a few seconds after the customer, as though consciously attracted by her. The customer feels that the saleswoman is in sympathy with her, and understands her needs a promising relationship for a sale to take place.


  The Clever lawyer, trying in la law-court to influence a judge, imitates the great man shrugging of his shoulders, the tone of his voice and the rhythm of his speech.


  Of course, physical mirroring must be subtle. If you blind (眨眼) every time your target blinks, or bite your bottom lip every time he does, your mirroring has become mockery (嘲笑) and you can expect trouble. So, if you can't model sympathetically, don't play the game.


  According to the passage, 'physical mirroring' (line 4, paragraph 4) means ______.


  A.the attraction to people with ideas, belief and interests like our own


  B.the comfortable feeling about people with physical qualities similar to ours


  C.the fact that people living or working closely together behave in a similar way


  D.the imitation of the gestures or movements of those we are close to, or love, or admire


  6.


  According to the author, all of the following except ______ are the deliberate uses of physical mirroring.


  A.a saleswoman tilts her head after her customer to judge a color match


  B.a lawyer imitates the tone of the judge’s voice and the rhythm of his speech


  C.sensitive people have been mirroring their friends all their lives


  D.a naughty boy blinks every time the teacher blinks


  7.


  Which of the following is true?


  A.Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances because they want to win their affection and respect


  B.The clever saleswoman echoes her lady customer's movements because she is unconsciously attracted by her


  C.The man who imitates the judge is trying to influence him


  D.Physical mirroring is always flattering to those who are imitated


  8.


  Physical mirroring can cause trouble if ______.


  A.The person mirrored finds that people are drawn to him


  B.the mirroring ha become mockery


  C.the lawyer shrugs his shoulders the way the judge does


  D.it has been found to be deliberately used


  9.


  The paragraph following this passage will most probably move on to ______.


  A.some ways to prevent physical mirroring from offending


  B.the mirroring has become mockery


  C.the lawyer shrugs his shoulders the way the judge does


  D.it has been found to be deliberately used


  10.The U. S. Army Infantry (步兵), which calls Fort Benning home, has fought in every major conflict involving the nation's military. Yet developing a program for effective infantry training came neither quickly nor easily. The first movement to shape the country's foot soldiers into a superior force came more than 200 years ago at the request of the general who became the first president of the United States.


  Revolutionary forces commanded by General George Washington were barely surviving as they camped at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, during the winter of 1777. Washington realized that his soldiers, shivering in rags. Needed better training if there were to be any hope of winning against the well-schooled British army. He sought advice from the respected Prussian (普鲁士) general, Baron Fredreich von Steuben.


  Von Steuben agreed to help, but recognized the huge challenge he faced to change the loose band of rebels into a disciplined, well-organized force. As one observer at the time noted, the colonial army 'was the finest body of troops he had ever seen out of step '. Von 8teuben's own assessment was that the Continental Army was a shame. 'There was no uniformity of drill, no similarity of organization , and no teamwork of any kind ', wrote Leroy Yarborough, first lieutenant (中尉) of infantry , in an unpublished 1931 history of Fort Benning. No two companies drilled alike. And they all drilled poorly.


  But Von Steuben was resourceful and energetic and known for his persuasiveness. He established standard drill exercises and taught them patiently, but persistently to the troops. Once he saw progress, he chose those most skilled in military formations to demonstrate for the rest to imitate. This practice of using the best troops to model techniques and tactics become fundamental in military training, continuing long after the Revolutionary War. For his efforts, Von Steuben is known as the 'Father of the U. S. Infantry.'


  The first two paragraphs tell us ______.


  A.how Von Steuben became the general of the American infantry


  B.how the revolutionary forces came to be commanded by Washington


  C.how Washington set about asking von Steuben to train his soldiers


  D.how poorly organized the Americans were compared to the British army


  11.


  It can be inferred from the passage that training programs for the American infantry started at ______.


  A.Valley Forge


  B.Fort Benning


  C.Prussia


  D.Washington's hometown


  12.


  The main problems with the American revolutionary forces seemed to be lack of the following except ______.


  A.standardization in training and organization


  B.coordination between various units


  C.strict discipline and unity


  D.shame and challenge


  13.


  The writer of the passage refers to Washington's troops as all if the following except ______.


  A.revolutionary forces


  B.the colonial army


  C.the U.S. Army infantry


  D.the Continental Army


  14.


  ______ proved to be an effective training method.


  A.To use the best troops as a model for other units


  B.To establish rules and drill cruelly


  C.To continue training without stop


  D.To show what little progress there may be


  15.The fact that people can 'see' things using other parts of their bodies apart from their eyes may help us to understand our feelings about color. If they can sense color differences then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously.


  Manufacturers have discovered by trail and error that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and that cosmetics (化妆品) should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a whole discipline of color psychology that now finds application in everything from fashion to interior decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the colour of the night sky therefore associated with passivity and calm, while yellow is a day color with associations and incentive (刺激). For primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw a red, the color of blood and rage and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and self-preservation. Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their physiological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in heart beat, and blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Because of its exciting connotations (涵义) , red was chosen as the signal [or danger, but closer analysis shows that 'a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alertness and alarm, so fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead.


  Manufacturers found out that color affects sales ______.


  A.by experience over a long period of time


  B.by experimenting with different colors


  C.by trying out color on blind people


  D.by developing the discipline of color psychology


  16.


  Our preferences for certain colors are ______.


  A.associated with the time of the day


  B.depended on our character


  C.linked with our primitive ancestors


  D.partly due to psychological factors


  17.


  If people are exposed to bright red, which of the following things does not happen?


  A.They breathe [aster


  B.They feel afraid


  C.Their blood pressure rises


  D.Their hearts beat faster


  18.


  Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?


  A.Color probably has an effect on us which we are not conscious of


  B.Yellow fire engines have caused many bad accidents in some advanced communities


  C.People exposed to pure blue start to breathe more slowly


  D.The psychology of color is of some practical use


  19.


  Which of the following could be the most suitable title?


  A.The Discipline of Color Psychology


  B.Color and Its Connotations


  C.The Practical Use of Color


  D.Color and Feelings


  三、3.Cloze


  Cloze


  Directions: Each blank in the following passage is provided with 4 choices. Read the whole passage and choose the best answer for each blank. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.


  0. Trees are useful to man 【B1】______ three very important ways: they provide him 【B2】______ wood and other produces; they help to check soil erosion and they help to 【B3】______ drought and floods.


  【B4】______ , in many parts of the world, man has not realized that the 【B5】______ of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large 【B6】______ , only to find that 【B7】______ them he has lost the best friend he had.


  Two 【B8】______ years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships 【B9】______ to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire, but without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire 【B10】______ to pieces, the home country found itself faced by floods and starvation.


  【B11】______ a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the villager to see this ,the villager wants wood to cook his food 【B12】______ ; and he can earn money by making charcoal or selling wood to the townsman. He is usually too lazy or too 【B13】______ to plant and look after new trees. So, 【B14】______ the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests slowly disappear.


  This does not only mean that the villagers' sons and grandsons have 【B15】______ trees. The results are even more serious; for where there are trees their roots break the soil up allowing the rain to sink in and also bind the soil, thus preventing 【B16】______ washed away on the surface, causing floods and carrying 【B17】______ ground away 【B18】______ it the rich top-soil, in which crops grow so well. When all the top-soil is 【B19】______ , nothing remains 【B20】______ worthless desert.


  A.with


  B.at


  C.in


  D.through


  1.(62)


  A.of


  B.for


  C.with


  D.as


  2.(63)


  A.prevent


  B.stop


  C.forbid


  D.deny


  3.(64)


  A.Generally


  B.Fortunately


  C.Unfortunately


  D.Probably


  4.(65)


  A.trees


  B.uses


  C.products


  D.third


  5.(66)


  A.numbers


  B.members


  C.amounts


  D.accounts


  6.(67)


  A.with


  B.for


  C.without


  D.to


  7.(68)


  A.thousand


  B.thousands


  C.thousand of.


  D.thousands of


  8.(69)


  A.where


  B.which are


  C.with which


  D.which they are


  9.(70)


  A.failed


  B.fell


  C.felt


  D.filled


  10.(71)


  A.Even


  B.Even where


  C.Even then


  D.Even now


  11.(72)


  A.on


  B.below


  C.with


  D.over


  12.(73)


  A.clever


  B.active


  C.until


  D.Unless


  13.(74)


  A.although


  B.once


  C.until


  D.unless


  14.(75)


  A.a few


  B.fewer


  C.little


  D.less


  15.(76)


  A.it


  B.its


  C.it's being


  D.its being


  16.(77)


  A.hard


  B.soft


  C.deep


  D.high


  17.(78)


  A.for


  B.with


  C.on


  D.behind


  18.(79)


  A.going


  B.gone


  C.to go


  D.to be going


  19.(80)


  A.only


  B.simply


  C.merely


  D.but


  四、4.Translation


  0.Section A (非英语专业学生做)


  Directions: In this part, there are 5 items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or more sentences. These sentences are all taken from the reading passage in part II. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meaning in the context.


  While other levels involve physical satisfaction-the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body-this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness.


  1. In every case, the influential person may not consciously notice the imitation, but he will feel comfortable in its presence.


  2. If you blind (眨眼) every time your target blinks, or bite your bottom lip every time he does, your mirroring has become mockery (嘲笑) and you can expect trouble.


  3. Washington realized that his soldiers, shivering in rags. Needed better training if there were to be any hope of winning against the well-schooled British army.


  4. Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their physiological associations, also have a direct psychological effect.


  5.Section B (英语专业学生做)


  Directions: In this section, there is a short passage in Chinese. Read it carefully and put it into English.


  历史证明,只有坚持《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则,坚持和平共处五项原则和国际关系准则,各国才能和睦相处,共同发展,世界和平才能得到维护和促进。为了维护中国和世界人民的根本利益,中国始终坚持独立自主的和平外交政策,主持公遭,伸张正义,为政治解决国际问题做出了独特的贡献。做为联合国常任理事国,中国将一如既往,维护安理会的权威,为维护正义,坚持《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则,为维护世界和平与稳定进行不懈努力.


  五、5.Writing


  0. In this part, you are to write a short composition of about 120 to 150 words (non-English majors) or 150 to 180 words (English majors) based on the idea given below.


  On Learning Abroad


  1. 有人认为出国留学是个人发展的最佳选择。


  2. 也有人坚持在国内也能实现自己的理想。


  3. 我的看法。


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